2025 Multiprofessional Critical Care Review: Adult Online-7: Electrolyte Emergencies

Video Transcription

Video Summary

The video discusses electrolyte emergencies, focusing on hyperkalemia, hyponatremia, hypercalcemia, and hypomagnesemia. For hyperkalemia, the three main causes are increased intake of potassium in a setting of low GFR, cell shift, and decreased potassium excretion through the kidney. Potassium reabsorption primarily occurs in the collecting duct, regulated by the aldosterone system. Treatment options for hyperkalemia include calcium, glucose and insulin, beta-2 adrenergic agonists, and elimination through the bowel or kidney/dialysis. For hyponatremia, the causes are excessive sodium intake, pure water loss, or loss of water more than sodium. Management depends on whether the patient is hypovolemic, euvolemic, or hypervolemic, and involves correcting the underlying cause, restricting or replacing free water, or using ADH blockers (vaptans). Hypercalcemia can be caused by various factors, and management involves decreasing calcium reabsorption and eliminating calcium through diuresis or dialysis. Hypomagnesemia can result from various causes, and treatment aims to replace magnesium through IV or oral supplementation, and addressing underlying causes. The video also highlights the importance of slowly correcting electrolyte imbalances and monitoring for symptoms.

Keywords

electrolyte emergencies

hyperkalemia

hyponatremia

hypercalcemia

hypomagnesemia

treatment options

electrolyte imbalance

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