Okay, hello and welcome to today's webcast, Maximize Your Membership, Early Career and Private Practice. My name is Fajun. I'm a neurointensivist at SSM Health, St. Louis University Hospital in St. Louis, Missouri, and I'll be moderating today's discussion. A recording of this webcast will be available within five to seven business days. So please go into mysccm.org and navigate to my Learnings tab and click on Maximize Your Membership, Early Career and Private Practice. Click on the Access button to access the recording. A few housekeeping items before we get started. So this will be a panel discussion. To submit questions, please type into the question box located on your control panel. And please check out SCCM's Career Central for valuable career resources. You can browse critical care positions nationwide and get customized job alerts sent to you. Plus take advantage of professional services such as resume reviews and stay informed with career-focused newsletters. Visit sccm.org, Career Central today to get access to all the benefits and advance your critical care career. Discovery has launched the Priorities for Research in Critical Illness Survey, the PRECISE, an inclusive survey of all critical care stakeholders to identify critical care research priorities. The goal is to involve all critical illness and injury stakeholders. Please take five minutes to complete the survey and provide your feedback. Please note the disclaimer stating that the content to follow is for educational purposes only. And now I would like to introduce our panelists today. Dr. Bachman is the Funding Director, Emory Critical Care Center at Emory University in Atlanta, Georgia. Dr. Grenchen Sacha is a critical care pharmacy specialist at Cleveland Clinic in Cleveland, Ohio. Dr. Brian Weissman is a Professor of Anesthesiology and Emergency Medicine, Division Chief, EMCCM at Washington University, St. Louis in St. Louis, Missouri. And now I will turn things over to our panelists to start a discussion. The first question that I have for Dr. Bachman is, you were a young SCCM member many decades ago. Do you have any advice for your younger self? Well, that many decades ago, did you just call me old? Yes, I am old. And I think that the most important advice I would have for my younger self is to recognize every day that SCCM is a group of committed volunteers. While there's paid staff, and the paid staff do a great job, they're there to help us. Progress at SCCM is utterly dependent on the engagement, enthusiasm, and dedication of the volunteers. That can be leveraged in many powerful ways. There are questions that I had, which I assumed, note that dangerous word assumed, that were already settled science or settled problems, or there was an approach. What I wish my younger self knew was that the distance between novice and expert in critical care is usually about this much. There is so much unknown and uncertain about what we do that scratch the surface and you'll find opportunities to ask questions, to find answers, and to shape the way we think and practice, just about anywhere you look. In my case, I had the temerity to ask, now remember, this was decades ago. Is there a curriculum for medical students that there's national or international agreement on what a medical student should master about critical care before they graduate from a medical school and we start calling them doctor? The answer was no. Then Will Shoemaker, who was one of our founding fathers, an editor of the journal at the time, he said, why don't you take that on? Why don't you figure out what that curriculum should look like? I was a young professor at the time, younger than you are, Dr. Monk. I sort of gave him the deer-in-the-headlights look and he said, why don't you call these people and I called Phil Dellinger, who later became president of the Society, internal medicine doc, Russ Raffele, who later became president of the Society, an anesthesia doc, David Todris, a well-known pediatric intensivist, but I didn't know how well-known at the time, and said, could I get your thoughts and advice on what we ought to do here? We put it together and built a curriculum. Those types of questions are going to continue to be out there. The message to my younger self is, look for the opportunities, recognize those opportunities come dressed as questions in work clothes, and embrace them. The thing about the Society of Critical Care Medicine that's so important and has not changed over time is that the leadership is approachable. You can find people, generally one degree of separation, who are leaders in their field, who will give you the time, who will give you their perspective, and tell you, here's what's settled, here's what I see as unsettled, and here's some folks that you might want to go talk to. That's the beauty of SCCM. I'll pause there. Thank you. I have another question for Dr. Weissman. The question is, personally, I enjoy attending annual SCCM Congress meeting, but how do I really get involved with the society for the rest of the year, other than just joining the meeting? Yeah, no, great question, and I think it ties in very well with what Dr. Buchman was just talking about. I really find our Congress, our annual meeting, to be that get-together celebration event. It should be a highlight of the year, where we get to see old friends, hopefully meet new friends. I agree completely with Tim. Tim talked about running into people at Congress, meeting people, degree of separation, make those connections, but really, Congress should be that celebration of the work that has then happened throughout the whole rest of the year. That's the call to all of us, is the way you get involved with SCCM is not just to be a participant, but to be engaged with that mission, and as Dr. Buchman mentioned, it's a volunteer mission, but a volunteer mission throughout the whole year. Annually, there's a call for committees, where folks can volunteer, submit their names. That's something that you, depending on your balance of time and opportunity and interest, you can submit your name and get engaged with those. I assure you, you have a local chapter you can follow up with, or you may have a chapter from your own primary specialty that you can get engaged with. I always encourage people to look outside of the known people, and maybe cross-pollinate. You may have an interest in boarding. You may have an interest in resuscitation. Talk with someone from a different background about that unique aspect, and make those connections that you can then foster over the year, and then really, the thing I would say is, once you find that unique opportunity or niche, it's just a little bit of showing up. I mean, oftentimes, with all of these opportunities we have during the year, it's going to those committee meetings, making sure that you're there, offering your thoughts, volunteering to share the work, and I think Dr. Buchman said that very clearly. It's not that you have to do the deer in the headlight, take on everything yourself, but if you volunteer to step up and help out, mentors will be there to help guide you and provide you opportunities to get growth. You'll be amazed at how often you can leverage those things, not only on the national scene, but then bring them back to your local hospital as well. I think the other huge benefit of this society that I love is all the various different people that you get to come in contact with that you can then leverage throughout the year. Some of my close mentors, the people that I value, my nursing colleagues, my registered dietician colleagues that have been leaders in SCCM that have then mentored me to help me get engaged with society, and they're not coming from the physician background of the other kind of components I get back at my home institution, and I find that very valuable. Thank you, and I have a question for Dr. Sesha. As a pharmacist, what's your biggest recommendation for a new pharmacist resident or a starting career pharmacist to get more involved in SCCM? Great question. As the representative pharmacist, I have a lot of insight and input into this, but I think it's also important to specify and note that although SCCM is largely driven by physician membership, a vast majority of the members are not physicians, and a vast majority of our non-physician members are pharmacists as well, so there's a very large presence within the organization. Because of this, we've actually developed a very robust section. We have the clinical pharmacy and pharmacology section within SCCM, and I highly encourage every single early career pharmacist, late career pharmacist, any pharmacist, pharmacy trainee, and non-pharmacist as well to look into the CPP, is what we call it, section because we have seven very developed committees that each have charges and each have roles that anybody can get involved in and volunteer for as long as they're an SCCM member. So that's where I always begin. We have, in addition to becoming an active member of our CPP section, we have a ton of educational and activities that we put on, webinars, journal clubs. We have a mentor-mentee program that's very robust that I've led for the past five years. We also have a lot of networking opportunities and events that go on at Congress as well. So I always say that's the first place to start is to get involved with the CPP section, and then your involvement as a pharmacist at least is not limited to that section. Local chapters were already talked about. I've been an MAL on my Ohio chapter in the past before. Our creative community, which was already talked about as well, I'm a member on a couple of the committees, the big SCCM committees as well. So there's a lot of opportunities that pharmacists can get involved. And my recommendation, as we've kind of talked about with the early career, is start slow. Don't overburden it. Know you're a volunteer. Leverage yourself, but don't take on too much at once. Thank you. Great advice. And I have a question from the audience asking, as a starting career young professional, especially trainees, how do we get involved with SCCM? Any panelists? I can mention briefly, because we talk about it a lot within the CPP section, and we also encourage it with our pharmacy trainees, but this is not specific to pharmacy trainees at all, is there is actually an SCCM trainee sponsorship program. So that's the first thing that I would start with, as in, I know it can be cost prohibited to be a member of the society, but there are numerous, and I would say probably the majority of critical care training and emergency medicine and other trainee programs that have sponsorship where you can get your SCCM membership paid for when you are a trainee. So I would look into that opportunity. And that's not even just limited to the US. It also expands outside the US. There might be a different process, but that's something that I would first and foremost look into. Yeah, Gretchen, I would just, I would echo that. I mean, as a program director myself, you know, what that entails for all the trainees out there that are listening today, you know, go to your program director and your program director as a member of SCCM has the opportunity to create a roster. They can create that training program, and they basically just list the trainees they have. And, you know, I've done that for fellows. I've done that all the way down to the level of residents that have expressed interest in critical care and want to be engaged with our society. And it does allow that opportunity to leverage those benefits while you're in the trainee realm without that cost of the annual membership. And then get engaged, as you said, you know, look for the opportunities to work on the abstract or get that submitted, and you'll find the mentorship there in the society to help you with that. I have a very different response to this question. When somebody comes in as a younger person to SCCM, they come with a wonderful naivete. And I call it a wonderful naivete because as a young person, it's okay to ask questions and question the obvious. And often the simplest questions can have the most powerful impact. So, I mean, I've just been, you know, I have a wonderful expert pharmacist here, wonderful emergency medicine doctor on the line, and you as a neurointensivist. What would a young person come to us and say? What would their ideas be? What would be the type of simple question that we might help provide an answer? So if I was a young person and I was scratching around things that bother me, we use a lot of vancomycin. Now, when I was growing up, in order to order vancomycin, I actually had to call a pharmacist, call an ID doctor, and promise my firstborn in order to be able to prescribe the drug. Today, it's sort of a standard thing we do. But we know so little about how it's actually used. What's the indication? Is there evidence that somebody needs a medication directed at the panacylinase-producing organism? What are the kinetics of the drug? How often do pharmacists become involved in prescribing it? How often does it start in the ED? How often is it used in the neuro unit? Well, if I was a bright, young SCCM, a brand new member, what could I do as a trainee to reach out to other trainees in my own institution, other professional trainees, nursing students, pharmacy students, to answer the question? Could I do something in my local community to see whether it's done the same way at Barnes as it is over at St. Louis University? What could I do within a chapter? And asking simple questions, even if you choose not to undertake the research to answer them, will bring you into contact with so many others who, in many cases, you'll find say, that's an interesting question. Why don't we get together and do something? So my strong recommendation is not to think about the structure of the society as the first question, but rather to think about the questions that bother you, questions that you have a passion about, a question that's going to affect, whose answer is going to affect your approach to the patient tomorrow, and maybe your colleagues' approach to the patient across the country tomorrow. Over. Thank you, that's really helpful. There's a comment from the audience saying that there are also mentorship programs in most sections as well for trainees to get involved. So that will be helpful resources as well. Another question that personally I want to ask is, Dr. Bachman, if I were going to be the corresponding author for the submission, what should I know and tell my co-authors? So that's a loaded question. First, I think it's important for everybody who's working on a project to understand that reporting a project, that is writing and putting together the manuscript and submitting it and so forth, carries an enormous amount of responsibility. The International Committee of Medical Journal Editors, the ICMJE, defines the responsibilities of authorship, and as corresponding author, I would want to make sure that everybody who I'm going to put on the paper really understands what those responsibilities are and that they're willing to undertake them. As a corresponding author, it's your responsibility to understand the journal, the audience for that journal, the expectations and requirements of that journal, so that when you make that submission, you're getting it to the best possible journal in the best possible form because you're responsible to your other authors about giving yourself the best chance to get it accepted. So if I was thinking about sending a submission to an SCCM official journal and I wasn't quite sure whether it was a good fit, I would take advantage of the pre-submission inquiry, send a 100 or 150-word note to the editor saying, here's the question that we thought was important. Here's what we did to try to answer the question. These were our findings. Is this going to be a good fit for your journal? Because when we get ready to write this up, we want to write not just a paper, we're writing a communication to the readership of a specific journal, and as corresponding author, it's your job to make sure that that fit is as good as it can be. As a corresponding author, you, not the journal, are responsible for making sure decisions about who's an author and who's a contributor, what the order of authorship is. All those things need to be settled before you actually hit that Submit button. And when you hit the Submit button and you're asked to attest to all these different things, don't just check the boxes. Make sure you understand what you're attesting to because at the end of the day, it's your name on the line. When the journal has an issue or a problem or somebody challenges what's in the paper, that correspondence is going to go to you. So make sure you know all those details. I'll stop there. Thank you. Thank you so much. Here's the question coming from the audience. Can you share experience where networking through SCCM has led to collaboration or mentorships that enhance your practice? I can go first, at least, while others process the question, too. So I've had a couple of really great networking opportunities come out. I talked briefly and I know the audience also participated in the fact that there are mentor mentee type programs. When I was fresh out of residency, I joined the CPP section that I'll probably talk nonstop about their mentor mentee program and got paired with a significantly more senior pharmacist who's pretty well known in the critical care space. We had a really great relationship that developed that actually ended up in us talking about a lot of questions like Dr. Buckman was referring to as me posing clinical questions to him and what resulted was we found a question that we were both equally passionate about that had a gap in the literature and we wrote a review article about it. So that whole process was something that wouldn't have happened without the opportunity that I was given. Additionally, too, I over the years have submitted many abstracts to SCCM to submit a couple that got star research awards. And during one of the presentations, I had several well-known researchers in the field who I've only known by reading all of their papers and come up to me and talk about my research and ask about collaboration and what's next. And they were interactions and relationships that I had never even thought that I would have even began to build and came out of SCCM and SCCM Congress and presenting at it. And maybe just another comment on this on the same topic thread is, you know, I have found over the years that the beauty of our society is it wants to support those questions that Dr. Buckman mentioned. And so, you know, I can think of various relationships I've had throughout the, you know, my experience in the society where we've had questions about, you know, my passion is education. How do we deliver critical care? How do we define critical care as a specialty? And various task force where when that question was posed, you know, like-minded people got together and discussed that. But then the society was willing to back in that and support that. And I think, you know, Tim talked a little bit about the support staff, which is amazing for us on the society side. And when those questions come to be, yes, there's the volunteer aspect of what we're doing, but then engaging with the society to allow them to help support us move forward some of those exact projects. And that's led to several publications. We've done work looking at how do we define critical care as a specialty? Can we look at the actual curriculum that critical care embodies? Can we make that more standardized across the various silos from the subspecialties? Another huge one that I got interested early on is, again, from my EM background, we do a lot of boarding of critical care patients downstairs before they even get upstairs to the ICU. And again, as those questions were asked, mentorships of people coming together, we were able to collaborate with a whole nother society. So we got ASEP engaged and leadership in ASEP. And between those two societies came forward with some physician discussions about ED boarding and how that impacts patient care downstream. And so I think there's plenty of those opportunities for those questions as they're raised up to be brought forward to the society, to talk about people in the society and then get that guidance and mentorship, but then also the support from that staff of the society to carry some of those projects forward. Thank you. Dr. Bachman, do you wanna add anything? I think that we should probably go on to more questions at this point. Okay. I do have the next question that I'm interested in obtaining fellow status with the society. What further information is available on this topic? I'll take that question because it's a fast one. There is very detailed information on the web about obtaining fellowship status. What most people don't understand is that information is very carefully curated and it's imperative that those who are interested read every line from the due date for all the materials to exactly what the qualifications are to the types of letters that need to be solicited and what elements have to be stated within those letters. It is a very regimented, highly structured process. There are no exceptions. You don't get two extra days because your kid was sick and I couldn't find somebody to write a supporting letter for me, I'm sorry. Or you don't meet the qualifications that are there. Go get the qualifications. When those applications come to the college, there is a committee that reviews them, the credentials committee, and basically compares what the set requirements are with the materials in front of them. That's their job. You're not sort of voting on whether you're a good person or not. It's a question of whether the statements that you make really fulfill the principles of what the college stands for as outlined in public-facing documents. My strong advice is to start early. The deadline, if memory serves, comes up very soon after Congress always has, sort of in the March timeframe. So if you're thinking about doing it for this year, now's the time to go to the website and actually get that information and start asking, do I meet qualifications? Who can I get to support me? I'm gonna piggyback on the question itself because I don't have anything to add to what was just said, but pose the question should also be asked of any advice on how to obtain a FCCM or fellowship status. And I'm gonna echo actually what Dr. Buckman said on start early. I'll be naively answer this and say, since I am probably the most recent one to get this status, I think that's the most important thing is to do exactly what Dr. Buckman said, look through those qualifications, sit down and decide and understand your qualifications, how they compare and make a plan that might take several years in order to get your qualifications to be able to meet the qualifications. So start early from that perspective as well. But I'd be interested if you guys have anything to add to that too. No, I just would piggyback. There is an annual information session. As the chair of that committee myself, we will be doing that on Monday this year at Congress. And that happens every year at Congress. You can go and talk to people live, bring your paperwork. We're happy to look at it with you. We're happy to review your documents. And then the only other comment that just piggybacks a little bit is there is a representative for all the different professionalism groups. So there's a pharmacy representative on that committee. There is an internal medicine representative, a surgical representative. So we have people to make sure we're looking at that. We have a PA representative, a respiratory therapist. So we have all the different specialties represented to make sure that we can appropriate represent your work and make sure we're valuing things that you're bringing to the table. So I'm gonna add a tip here. Look at the membership roster, the role, R-O-L-L, not R-O-A, the role call of people who are FCCM is available at the website. Look at that list. Find at least one, preferably two people who really know you well. Because when they write their letter, you don't want them just attesting to the fact that yeah, you meet this qualification, that qualification. It really helps to bring some of your persona through that endorser in front of the committee to convey that you're not just a good solid critical care provider, but you have the commitment, the fortitude, the fiber to really represent the discipline at the fellowship level. Thank you. That's really helpful. And I'll definitely put that on my own personal agenda to look at my own qualification because that's my goal is to obtain fellow status for the next stage of my career. There's another question coming from the audience. How has being a part of FCCM empower you to take on leadership locally and advocate the changes of critical care practices locally? I can start first on this one. Again, I can look back at my career and as an emergency medicine person coming into critical care, when I first came to FCCM, my first time showing up at Congress, there was not an EM section. There was not an EM council seat. There was not even a pathway to board certification for folks coming out of emergency medicine. And throughout the epic, you know, that arc of my career, I've had the opportunity to be engaged with that, have the support of the society as we discuss those issues. It's allowed us to advocate, to allow EM to be welcomed onto the fold, to get board certification status. And we've, you know, created a very robust EM section out of that growth that is now translated into council seats and representation throughout. So I'm grateful that the society is willing to listen to folks as they come forward and bring those, you know, bring those decisions, bring those, you know, questions or notifications to them, but then allows the freedom to run with it and actually have that growth and opportunities. Thank you. Thank you. That's really helpful. The next one is SCCM is unique as a multi-professional society. And how has this structure benefited your personal professional career? I'm gonna take that one as the first answer. Brian is an emergency medicine physician. You have expertise in neuro. Dr. Sasha is a pharmacist. We all have our own, if you will, professional silo societies. In surgery, since we have to, you know, be surgeons, we have at least three of them, right? And you graduate from one society to the other. The thing about SCCM is that it is multi-professional and the immersion in a environment where there's such deep cross-pollination, and I will say respect for the other professions, has really helped me grow, not just in my university environment, but in so many different facets of my life. There was a time, and to some extent there is still a time, that there was a real hierarchy, right? Doctors up here, nurses down here. I'm gonna use the word, because I hate it, mid-levels, somewhere in between, and then allied health providers. That would be you, Dr. Sasha, among the list of, you know, the et al of the professions, the allied health providers. But that's not how it works at SCCM, and as a practical matter, that's not how it works in real life. And as I think back on my success outside the SCCM and this great thing we call healthcare, learning to work with, on behalf of, for, all of the professions, has substantially helped me gain a voice, visibility, and impact in the larger healthcare enterprise. I didn't get that from my surgical societies. I suspect that Dr. Sasha didn't get it from her pharmacy societies. That's sort of the secret sauce of SCCM. And if you go back to the founding fathers, if you go back to Howell Wiles' original article in volume one of Critical Care Medicine, page one, volume one, or whatever, may have been page six after the front letter, but he envisioned this environment where the professions all brought their unique skills and attributes to the table on behalf of the patient. That is something that is uniquely SCCM and doesn't permeate all of the other intensive care societies around the world. It is an SCCM thing. I can go next too, because I have a lot to thank this organization for. It's given me so many opportunities that I would have never had. As a pharmacist, I will say, in a, as was just described, a heavily physician-dominated field, but I've never felt as an allied provider with SCCM through SCCM in my time there. And it's given me a platform to be able to build myself as a name in the field that I feel as a amateur expert in, which is the septic shock vasopressor, vasopressin phase. And I'm presenting at SCCM Congress about this topic in front of hundreds of people in whom I would never have thought I had that opportunity to get. And it was all because of my continued involvement and with the organization and opportunities that the organization has given me, submitting abstracts, presenting research, publishing in critical care medicine, all of these opportunities in the networking as well. I've made so many connections outside of my own institution, outside of pharmacists, all through this organization. And it has led me to become a confident presenter, a confident networker. I do not like to network and now I feel more comfortable with it. And a more confident researcher as well. So I owe a lot of that to this organization and my opportunities that have come from it. I wanna pose a question on top of the question and I wanna maybe pick Dr. Buckman's brain. Obviously this is designed as a webinar panel for I think our younger colleagues coming into the society. And Tim was kind enough to talk to us a little bit as we were starting off this webinar, just behind the scenes about preparing for the future. And this idea of seasons come quicker than you expect them to. And so I guess Dr. Buckman, we've come into fall, winter's coming, spring will be here soon enough. So if we talk about these epics of time, do you have advice for this kind of younger generation as they start thinking about early career but not losing sight of planning downstream? How they should think about those things or prepare for those next seasons of their careers? That's probably a two hour talk. I know, that's why I wanna use you here. And I'll try to break it down. Because this webinar is focused on early career individuals, I'm gonna try to focus on the early piece. The great luxury of being new to a field and young in a field and new to an organization is that it's not just appropriate, it's expected that you explore the landscape, that you not get too focused too early. The risk is that everything starts looking like a bright, shiny object. And you can get into too many different domains and not really make progress in ways that are gonna be meaningful to the community and meaningful to you individually. So a strategy that served me well early on when I was getting started at the bench in the laboratory is that I always had three projects going on, not two, not four, three. And the reason is that when something was slowing down or there was a barrier, I had two other things to occupy my attention. I'm not suggesting that you wanna have three areas of interest within critical care, not at all. Because we have clinical work, we have teaching to do, we have family lives, and it's really important to attend to that. My suggestion is that if you look at opportunities within the Society of Critical Care Medicine and people ask you to become involved with this or with that or the other thing, you think about two axes, okay? One axis is feasibility, can we get something done? Is it possible to do the things we're talking about doing? The other axis is impact. If we're successful, is it gonna matter? Is it gonna matter to me personally? Is it gonna matter to the group that's together? It's gonna matter to the community at large, including our patients. And you'll find, if you think about it, that things that are really feasible, oh, I'm gonna send out a survey, probably not gonna have much impact. Things that are likely to have a lot of impact, like the RCT trying to decide whether to use a video laryngoscopy versus old-fashioned direct laryngoscopy, innovating somebody, yeah, that would really have an impact, but it's gonna be really hard to do. There's sort of a one over X function between that, right? And you wanna, instead of making it one over X, you wanna push that concavity to a convexity and find that project which, because of the skills and interest and passion you bring to it, it's gonna be both feasible and impactful. So my strong piece of advice is, as you're an early person in SCCM, poking around at clinical guidelines, poking around at what is the bleeding edge, if you will, on transfusion medicine, as you are thinking about asking very naive questions about do we really understand what we're going on, pick something that you can be passionate about, pick something where the answer's going to matter, and pick that thing where, when you get the answer, you can see putting it into your own practice and others putting it into their practices. There's a lot out there in critical care, so many questions unanswered, whether it's how we work together, the practices we have, the drugs we administer, the effectiveness of the dogma that we all bring out each day, new technologies, new ideas about how to communicate with families, and it goes on and on. Pick something that is feasible, impactful, and that you're prepared to execute on. I hope that's useful as an answer. Yeah, that's a great answer, thank you. That really helps me as a young professional just starting my career, definitely, because we all want to be ambitious and have big goals, but gotta take baby steps. Another question that we have from the audience, what role do you see SCCM playing in shaping the future of critical care, and how can new members, especially trainees, contribute to this vision? I'm gonna start with a quotation. This is from Alan Kay, who worked at Xerox PARC. Perrin Cobb used to have this as the epigram on his email, so Brian will probably remember that. The best way to predict the future is to invent it. What we do in critical care today is both old and new. Every time you look up at a monitor and see the ECG and the pulse ox and the CVP and R1 traces there, you're looking at a frozen accident. That's because how wild, when he put the first monitors together in his shock units in Chicago and later in Los Angeles, that was how he had it set up, with the ECG signals on the top and the digital readout on the side. You can go back to his mid-1970s papers and see these things. It's a frozen accident. Is that how we're gonna take care of people in the future? Does it make sense to display stuff that way? Who is it useful to and when? I will, for example, wager that most of us don't remember what the monitor looked like two minutes after we walk out of the room. We use it, we glance up at it. When we walk into a room, we stare at it when we're trying to resuscitate a patient, we don't remember anything. Is that how we really wanna practice critical care? Here's my point. Look broadly, okay? You wanna talk about the future of critical care. Imagine what it might be. What would it take to do critical care at home? What would it take to do critical care in the middle of a battlefield? What would it take to do critical care on a voyage to Mars, okay? And give yourself the luxury of thinking about those possible futures, then go invent it. Yeah, I mean, obviously, this is a self-fulfilling question as well. As we also talked about earlier, as we get older in our own careers and start accessing the healthcare system, I want critical care to continue to evolve to provide care for me and for all of us. So, I mean, I do think that idea there of, be it artificial intelligence, be it telemedicine, remote monitoring, I think we're only limited by our imagination. And again, as I earlier kind of mentioned, the benefit of our society is our society doesn't seem to have hard borders about what it's going to do for critical care. It's allowed that box to not be solid, but to be a fluid, changing opportunity as we try to define what critical care really is, the support systems we use, the organs we go after to help, and the machinery we employ for that. And so again, I think the only thing I would say is this idea of shaping the future of critical care. There's someone out there right now that's probably with my child in second grade that has the novel idea that we're excited to learn about that we haven't even thought about yet. And so that's really the benefit of what this society allows is that growth to happen. Awesome, thank you. So that concludes our panel discussion. Thank you, Dr. Bachman, Dr. Sesha, and Dr. Westman. And thank you to the audience for attending. Again, this webcast will be recorded. The recording will be available to the registered attendees within five to seven business days. Please log in to mysccm.org, navigate to my learnings tab, and then click on maximize your membership, early career and private practice. Click the access button to access the recording. That concludes our webcast today. Have a great day.

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