Multiprofessional Critical Care Review: Adult 2024 (MCCRCA24ON)-!6

!6_Electrolyte Emergencies

Pdf Summary

The document discusses electrolyte emergencies, with a focus on hypokalemia, hyperkalemia, hyponatremia, hypernatremia, as well as management principles for various electrolyte derangements. It emphasizes the importance of identifying the underlying cause for effective treatment and the need for frequent reassessment. Case studies illustrate scenarios involving electrolyte disturbances in elderly patients. Management strategies for each electrolyte imbalance are outlined, including diagnostic evaluation and treatment options.<br /><br />For hypokalemia, enteral or IV potassium replacement based on symptom severity is recommended. Hyperkalemia symptoms and treatment, such as using IV calcium or insulin, are discussed. The document also covers hyponatremia etiology, symptoms, and management, highlighting the potential harm of aggressive correction.<br /><br />Moreover, hypernatremia, hypercalcemia, hypocalcemia, hypophosphatemia, and hypomagnesemia are addressed, along with their causes, symptoms, and treatment modalities. Recommendations for managing hypermagnesemia include stopping the source and considering hemodialysis.<br /><br />The document also touches upon the consequences of electrolyte imbalances on various body systems and provides insights into the complexities of fluid and electrolyte management in critically ill patients. It underscores the importance of a systematic approach to evaluating and addressing electrolyte disturbances to optimize patient outcomes.

Keywords

electrolyte emergencies

hypokalemia

hyperkalemia

hyponatremia

hypernatremia

management strategies

diagnostic evaluation

treatment options

elderly patients

fluid and electrolyte management

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