Multiprofessional Critical Care Review: Adult 2024 (MCCRCA24ON)-04

04_Mechanical Ventilation

Pdf Summary

The document discusses the principles of mechanical ventilation, focusing on design features, mechanics, and various breath characteristics. It outlines the objectives of mechanical ventilation, including indications, physiological effects, complications, and the weaning process. The text elaborates on triggers, gas delivery, cycle parameters, and five basic breath types. Additionally, it covers different modes of ventilation, such as volume and pressure-controlled ventilation. The concept of airway pressure release ventilation (APRV) is introduced, emphasizing a long inspiratory to expiratory ratio for enhanced lung recruitment. The document also touches on feedback control mechanisms and new ventilation modes aimed at synchronizing with patient effort.<br /><br />Furthermore, it delves into respiratory mechanics, stress and strain in the lungs, transpulmonary pressure, and the equation of motion for ventilator-induced lung protection. Specific scenarios and calculations related to mechanical effects of positive pressure ventilation are included to understand peak pressures, driving pressures, and lung mechanics better. The text concludes with a discussion on fine-tuning ventilation settings for patients with conditions like Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome and highlights the importance of tailoring tidal volume to functional lung size. Lastly, it emphasizes the relationship between pressure and volume in mechanical ventilation and addresses the considerations for minimizing lung injury during ventilation.

Keywords

mechanical ventilation

design features

breath characteristics

ventilation modes

lung recruitment

respiratory mechanics

positive pressure ventilation

Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome

tidal volume

lung injury

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