Multiprofessional Critical Care Review: Adult 2024 (MCCRCA24ON)-08

08_Venous Thromboembolism

Pdf Summary

The document provides an overview of Venous Thromboembolism (VTE), outlining its impact as the 3rd most common acute cardiovascular syndrome. It highlights key risk factors such as age, cancer, surgery, trauma, and immobilization. Lower Extremity Deep Vein Thrombosis (DVT) is discussed, noting common symptoms and the importance of Venous Duplex Ultrasound for diagnosis. The pathophysiologic response to Pulmonary Embolism (PE) is detailed, emphasizing the classification based on severity.<br /><br />Diagnostic criteria, including clinical symptoms, radiographic findings, and arterial blood gases, are explained. Biomarkers like D-Dimer and imaging techniques such as V/Q Lung Scan and Echocardiography aid in diagnosis and prognosis assessment using tools like the Pulmonary Embolism Severity Index.<br /><br />Anticoagulation therapy is recommended as the initial treatment for PE, with specific guidelines for different scenarios. The document also explores treatment options like thrombolysis and catheter-directed therapies for severe cases. Surgical thrombectomy and VTE prophylaxis recommendations for ICU patients are also covered.<br /><br />Key points include a high index of suspicion for PE, appropriate anticoagulation management, and the potential benefits and risks of various treatment modalities. The importance of VTE prophylaxis in ICU settings is highlighted. Overall, the document provides a comprehensive guide to understanding, diagnosing, and managing VTE and PE in clinical practice.

Keywords

Venous Thromboembolism

Deep Vein Thrombosis

Pulmonary Embolism

Anticoagulation therapy

VTE prophylaxis

Venous Duplex Ultrasound

D-Dimer

Pulmonary Embolism Severity Index

thrombolysis

catheter-directed therapies

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