Multiprofessional Critical Care Review: Adult 2024 (MCCRCA24ON)-16

16_Toxicology and Drug Overdoses

Pdf Summary

The document discusses toxicology and drug overdoses in critical care settings, providing guidance on history-taking, physical examination, evaluation, acute management, and specific toxic syndromes. Key points include the importance of scene safety, conducting a thorough physical exam, assessing cardiac and respiratory effects, and utilizing antidotes or supportive care when managing toxic ingestions. The text also presents case scenarios with relevant symptoms and lab findings to highlight differential diagnoses and management strategies for various toxins, such as cholinergic excess and toxic alcohols. Treatment modalities for toxic alcohols include inhibition of metabolism with fomepizole and removal through hemodialysis. Additionally, the document touches on the recognition and treatment of salicylate toxicity, metabolic acidosis causes, and therapeutic adjuncts for managing overdose complications like arrhythmias, hypotension, and seizures. Overall, the content emphasizes the importance of prompt recognition, appropriate interventions, and a systematic approach to treating toxic exposures in critical care settings.

Keywords

toxicology

drug overdoses

critical care

acute management

toxic syndromes

antidotes

toxic alcohols

salicylate toxicity

metabolic acidosis

hemodialysis

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