Multiprofessional Critical Care Review: Pediatric 2024 (MCCRCP24ON)-13

13_Oncologic and Hematologic Emergencies

Pdf Summary

The document discusses Oncologic and Hematologic Emergencies in pediatric patients, highlighting common complications and their management strategies. Specific topics covered include Hyperleukocytosis, Tumor Lysis Syndrome, Mediastinal Masses, Spinal Cord Compression, Febrile Neutropenia, Typhlitis, Toxicities of Chemotherapy, and Hematologic Emergencies like Acute Chest Syndrome. Hyperleukocytosis, characterized by high leukocyte counts, can lead to severe complications like CNS hemorrhage and requires interventions such as IV hydration and cytoreduction. Tumor Lysis Syndrome, a consequence of cell death, presents with metabolic disturbances and requires hydration and electrolyte management. Mediastinal Masses can lead to respiratory compromise, and prompt diagnosis and treatment with steroids and chemotherapy are crucial. Spinal Cord Compression, often in relapsed disease, requires dexamethasone and definitive treatments like surgery or radiation. Chemotherapy-related toxicities affecting various organ systems are discussed, including the CNS, heart, lungs, kidneys, and shock-inducing Capillary Leak Syndrome. Hematologic emergencies like Acute Chest Syndrome in sickle cell disease are also addressed. The importance of understanding and managing these critical complications in pediatric oncology for better patient outcomes is emphasized.

Keywords

Oncologic Emergencies

Hematologic Emergencies

Pediatric Patients

Hyperleukocytosis

Tumor Lysis Syndrome

Mediastinal Masses

Spinal Cord Compression

Febrile Neutropenia

Chemotherapy Toxicities

Acute Chest Syndrome

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