Neurocritical Care Review Course-Neuroinfections/Neuroinflammatory Disease II

Video Transcription

Video Summary

In this video, the speaker discusses autoimmune encephalitis and fulminant demyelinating diseases. Autoimmune encephalitis is a category of disease conditions where antibodies attack neuronal cell surface proteins, ion channels, or receptors. It can occur at any age and is associated with symptoms such as behavioral disturbances, seizures, abnormal movements, cognitive impairment, and dysautonomia. The most common types of autoimmune encephalitis are NMDA receptor encephalitis and LGI1 encephalitis. The speaker also reviews the criteria for possible autoimmune encephalitis and the diagnostic features of various types of autoimmune encephalitis. Fulminant demyelinating diseases, such as acute disseminated encephalomyelitis (ADEM), are characterized by widespread demyelination in the CNS. ADEM is a monophasic illness that often occurs in children and young adults, and it is typically preceded by an acute systemic infection. The diagnosis of ADEM is based on clinical presentation, brain MRI findings, and exclusion of other causes. Treatment for autoimmune encephalitis and ADEM usually involves immunotherapy, such as glucocorticoids, IVIG, or plasma exchange. Recovery is generally good, but some patients may experience persistent neurologic deficits.

Asset Caption

Casey Olm‐Shipman, MD

Keywords

autoimmune encephalitis

fulminant demyelinating diseases

antibodies

NMDA receptor encephalitis

LGI1 encephalitis

acute disseminated encephalomyelitis

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