SCCM Resource Library-A Refresher on Oncologic Emergencies: Hypercalcemia of Malignancy

Video Transcription

Video Summary

In this video, the speaker discusses hypercalcemia of malignancy, which is a common oncologic emergency with poor prognosis. Hypercalcemia can occur in up to 30% of cancer patients and is most commonly associated with lung cancer, multiple myeloma, and renal cell carcinoma. The four types of hypercalcemia in cancer patients are humoral hypercalcemia, local osteolytic hypercalcemia, 125 dihydroxyvitamin D-mediated hypercalcemia, and ectopic secretion of authentic PTH. The primary mechanisms for hypercalcemia include increased bone resorption, increased GI absorption of calcium, and increased renal tubular reabsorption of calcium. Symptoms of hypercalcemia are moans (gastrointestinal symptoms), stones (kidney-related symptoms), groans (neurologic symptoms), and bones (bone-related symptoms). Treatment includes aggressive fluid resuscitation, bisphosphonates, calcitonin, and possibly denosumab. The choice of treatment depends on the severity and underlying cause of hypercalcemia. The speaker also presents a patient case and discusses the management of hypercalcemia in that specific scenario.

Asset Subtitle

Pharmacology, Hematology, 2022

Asset Caption

In a flipped classroom format, the audience will discuss the pharmacologic management of cancer patients admitted to the ICU with febrile neutropenia, hypercalcemia, and tumor lysis syndrome. Throughout the discussion, the moderator will highlight challenging aspects that may be encountered in the management of oncologic emergencies.

Meta Tag

Content Type Presentation

Knowledge Area Pharmacology

Knowledge Area Hematology

Knowledge Level Advanced

Membership Level Select

Tag Oncology

Tag Toxicology

Year 2022

Keywords

hypercalcemia of malignancy

oncologic emergency

cancer patients

mechanisms for hypercalcemia

treatment options

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