SCCM Resource Library-Acute Respiratory Failure: A Pathophysiology Primer

Video Transcription

Video Summary

In this video, John Marini discusses the pathophysiology of acute respiratory failure, focusing on hypoxemia, ARDS, and hypercapnia. He explains that the airway pressure applied by a ventilator must be balanced with the compliance of the lungs and chest wall. He emphasizes the importance of considering transpulmonary pressure, including PEEP, plateau pressure, and driving pressure, rather than specific numbers alone when determining safe pressures. Marini also discusses the role of mean airway pressure and its association with lung and chest wall dimension under passive conditions. He explains that regional compliances can vary and that transpulmonary pressure plays a significant role. Additionally, Marini explains the mechanisms of arterial hypoxemia and outlines techniques to improve tissue oxygenation. He highlights the importance of considering lung capacity, proning positioning, and avoiding excessive mechanical stresses related to ventilator-induced lung injury. He also touches on hypercapnia and airflow obstruction. Marini concludes by emphasizing the value of understanding respiratory physiology in clinical practice.

Asset Subtitle

Pulmonary, Procedures, 2022

Asset Caption

This session will review the basics of acute respiratory failure for a broad multidisciplinary audience. Topics include the basic pathophysiology of respiratory failure and the management (and associated evidence) of respiratory failure, including noninvasive strategies, ventilator manipulation, and weaning and extubation. A case-based discussion among the speakers will be included at the end.

Meta Tag

Content Type Presentation

Knowledge Area Pulmonary

Knowledge Area Procedures

Knowledge Level Foundational

Knowledge Level Intermediate

Knowledge Level Advanced

Membership Level Select

Tag Respiratory Failure

Tag Ventilation

Year 2022

Keywords

acute respiratory failure

hypoxemia

ARDS

hypercapnia

ventilator

transpulmonary pressure

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