This is a complimentary chapter from the textbook, ICU Liberation, Second Edition ), titled "Assessment, Prevention, and Management of Pain" Pain management remains a major issue in intensive care practice, which may be related to the complexity of pain and the numerous related challenges. In the 2018 PADIS (Pain, Agitation, Delirium, Immobility, and Sleep Disruption) clinical practice guidelines of the Society of Critical Care Medicine (SCCM), a total of 25 recommendations and statements are related to pain management, representing more than 33% of the guideline content. The first step of the ICU Liberation Bundle addresses the assessment, prevention, and management of pain. Assessing and treating pain adequately in the acute phase of critical illness are necessary to optimize recovery and reduce risks for the development of short-term and long-term problems. Therefore, applying best pain management practice guidelines from admission throughout the entire ICU stay is the responsibility of all members of the care team in order to ensure optimal patient outcomes.