SCCM Resource Library-Basics: Physics, Modalities, and Image Acquisition

Pdf Summary

Understanding the physics of ultrasound is crucial for effective image acquisition and interpretation in medical diagnostics. Key factors such as transducer choice, depth, and gain adjustments influence image quality. Mastery of ultrasound physics allows clinicians to fine-tune machine settings to optimize patient care.<br /><br />In one case study, a 71-year-old woman with obesity and a history of breast cancer experienced dyspnea and hypotension. A phased-array probe and careful adjustment of ultrasound settings identified right ventricular dilatation and regurgitant flow, suggesting a pulmonary embolism. Another case involved a 41-year-old man with end-stage renal disease. Echocardiography revealed a pericardial effusion using ultrasound, guiding a successful pericardiocentesis.<br /><br />Ultrasound physics operates as a mechanical wave through tissues, using the piezoelectric effect in transducers. These can be adjusted for frequency to balance penetration depth and image resolution. Resolution is critical to distinguish structures clearly, adjusted through axial and lateral planes. Various transducers adapt to different imaging needs, with linear, phased-array, curvilinear, and endocavitary types for specific applications.<br /><br />An understanding of ultrasound machine controls, like depth, gain, frequency, and focus, is essential for accurate image acquisition. Adjustments like depth management, gain, and focus ensure clear images without unnecessary data, crucial for moving structures like heart valves. Doppler ultrasound, including color, pulsed-wave, continuous-wave, and tissue modes, evaluates blood and tissue movement by measuring frequency shift, providing insight into cardiovascular conditions.<br /><br />Artifacts, such as acoustic shadowing and edge effects, must be recognized and managed to avoid misinterpretation. Continuous practice enhances ultrasound skills, emphasizing the significance of good technique and machine familiarity.<br /><br />In summary, comprehensive knowledge of ultrasound physics, transducer types, machine controls, and Doppler modalities is vital for effective clinical application, ensuring accurate diagnosis and treatment in critical care contexts.

Asset Subtitle

Procedures, 2020, 3:20:00

Asset Caption

This is a complimentary chapter from the textbook: Comprehensive Critical Care Ultrasound, Second Edition

Learning Objectives

Review ultrasound wave physics and ultrasound machine controls.
Highlight different ultrasound modalities.
Understand and differentiate continuous-wave, pulsed-wave, color, and tissue
Doppler ultrasound.
Describe common ultrasound artifacts.

Comprehensive Critical Care Ultrasound, Second Edition is a companion guide for both new learners and experienced clinicians seeking to improve their ultrasound understanding and skills in the ICU.

This new edition includes emphasis on innovative applications of ultrasound in airway management, acute respiratory distress syndrome, ventilator weaning, an expanded pediatric section, and real-time procedural guidance. It also highlights administrative aspects of critical care ultrasound, including quality assurance, billing, and training. With full-color images and online videos, this book is a must-have for healthcare professionals who are interested in or currently practicing critical care ultrasound.

Meta Tag

Content Type Book Chapter

Knowledge Area Procedures

Knowledge Level Intermediate

Knowledge Level Advanced

Learning Pathway Skills and Procedures

Membership Level Select

Membership Level Professional

Membership Level Associate

Tag Ultrasound

Year 2020

Keywords

ultrasound physics

image acquisition

transducer choice

Doppler ultrasound

machine settings

pulmonary embolism

pericardial effusion

mechanical wave

piezoelectric effect

acoustic artifacts

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