SCCM Resource Library-FCCS Chikungunya

Pdf Summary

Chikungunya is a viral disease transmitted by mosquitoes. It was originally limited to Africa and Asia, but due to globalization and travel, it has spread to other regions. The symptoms of chikungunya are similar to other vector-borne diseases, such as dengue and malaria. The infection does not have high mortality but can cause long-term joint pain and debilitation.<br /><br />The virus is a single-stranded RNA virus, transmitted by arthropod vectors. There are six viruses classified under the arthritic group, and they are sensitive to temperatures above 58C and desiccation. Chikungunya originated in Central East Africa and involves wild primates and certain species of mosquitoes. It is spread from human to human by Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus mosquitoes.<br /><br />The clinical presentation of chikungunya includes fever, joint pain, rash, and other flu-like symptoms. The joint pain can last up to 36 months after the acute infection. Diagnosis is based on clinical suspicion, epidemiology, and laboratory testing such as viral culture, reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction, and serologic testing.<br /><br />There is no specific antiviral treatment for chikungunya, and the focus is on supportive care during the acute phase. Prevention includes vector control measures, public awareness, and avoiding mosquito bites by using repellents and wearing protective clothing. Treatment for chronic joint problems includes medications such as chloroquine and methotrexate.<br /><br />A case study is presented in which a 42-year-old woman with symptoms of chikungunya is evaluated. The differential diagnosis, diagnostic tests, and treatment options are discussed. Key points include the transmission, clinical presentation, diagnosis, and treatment of chikungunya.

Asset Subtitle

Crisis Management, Infection, 2017

Keywords

Chikungunya

viral disease

mosquito-borne

globalization

vector-borne diseases

symptoms

RNA virus

arthritic group

Aedes aegypti

Aedes albopictus

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