SCCM Resource Library-FCCS Leptospirosis

Pdf Summary

Leptospirosis is a bacterial infection caused by spirochetes of the genus Leptospira. It is most commonly found in wet and tropical environments and is transmitted to humans through contact with water or soil contaminated by infected animal urine. The disease has a wide range of clinical manifestations, from mild flu-like symptoms to multiorgan failure and septic shock. The incubation period is typically 7-14 days.<br /><br />Diagnosing leptospirosis can be challenging, as the most commonly used test, Leptospira IgM, is not detected until after 5-7 days of illness. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) is the most sensitive diagnostic test, but it is not widely available. Treatment options include antibiotics such as doxycycline, penicillin, cephalosporins, and azithromycin. Patients should be monitored for a Jarisch-Herxheimer reaction after starting antibiotic treatment.<br /><br />Prevention of leptospirosis involves avoiding contact with contaminated areas and the prophylactic use of doxycycline 200 mg weekly. Farmers, veterinarians, construction workers, and ranchers are at higher risk for infection. <br /><br />This summary provides an overview of leptospirosis, including its clinical manifestations, laboratory evaluation, and management. It emphasizes the importance of early recognition and appropriate treatment for patients with the disease.

Asset Subtitle

Crisis Management, Infection, 2017

Keywords

Leptospirosis

bacterial infection

genus Leptospira

wet environments

tropical environments

transmission

animal urine

clinical manifestations

diagnosis

treatment options

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