SCCM Resource Library-FCCS Viral Encephalitis

Pdf Summary

Viral encephalitis is an inflammation of the brain that can be caused by infectious or non-infectious factors. The most common viral cause is the Herpes simplex virus (HSV), but there are also other viruses such as arboviruses (spread by mosquitoes/ticks) that can lead to encephalitis. Risk factors for viral encephalitis include travel to endemic areas and a weakened immune system. Symptoms of encephalitis include fever, altered consciousness, seizures, and personality changes. Diagnosis often involves blood tests, CT scans, EEGs, and lumbar punctures.<br /><br />Treatment for viral encephalitis is primarily supportive care, as there is no specific antiviral treatment available. Severe cases may require interventions such as hyperosmolar therapy, hypothermia, and barbiturate coma. The prognosis for viral encephalitis depends on various factors, including the type of virus, the location and severity of the infection, and the initial management. Mortality rates can be high for unrecognized cases, and survivors may experience long-term neurological deficits.<br /><br />Prevention strategies for viral encephalitis include avoiding mosquito and tick bites, limiting outdoor activity at night, wearing protective clothing, using insect repellents, and practicing good hygiene. Early recognition and a high index of suspicion are important in order to avoid neurological impairment. Patients with suspected or confirmed encephalitis should be closely monitored in the ICU.<br /><br />In conclusion, viral encephalitis is a serious condition that can lead to significant neurological complications. Early recognition, proper diagnosis, and appropriate management are crucial for improving outcomes. Preventive measures can also help reduce the risk of viral encephalitis.

Asset Subtitle

Crisis Management, Infection, 2017

Keywords

viral encephalitis

inflammation of the brain

Herpes simplex virus

arboviruses

travel

weakened immune system

fever

altered consciousness

seizures

diagnosis

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