SCCM Resource Library-FCCS Yellow Fever

Pdf Summary

Yellow fever is a zoonotic disease caused by the Flavivirus and transmitted by the Aedes aegypti mosquito. It is endemic to tropical Africa and South America. The disease has four clinical stages: incubation, infection, remission, and intoxication. Only 15% of patients progress to the more severe intoxication phase. Diagnosis is made through immunosorbent assay for IgM antibodies. Treatment for yellow fever is supportive, as there is no specific antiviral treatment available. Prevention efforts include vaccination and mosquito eradication. The yellow fever vaccine uses the 17D YF virus strain and is given as a live attenuated virus from chicken embryos. Mild vaccine reactions such as headache, myalgias, and low-grade fever may occur. However, there are rare cases of vaccine-associated viscerotropic disease (YEL-AVD) and neurotropic disease (YEL-AND). YEL-AVD has a high mortality rate and presents similar symptoms to acquired yellow fever, while YEL-AND has a low mortality rate but can cause fever, seizures, mental clouding, and severe headache. Mosquito eradication and bite avoidance are key prevention measures, along with the use of insect repellent, permethrin-treated clothing, and mosquito netting. Traveler education, especially for those going to endemic areas, is also important. The document provides further information on the clinical presentation, laboratory findings, and management of yellow fever. It also includes additional resources for reference.

Asset Subtitle

Crisis Management, Infection, 2017

Keywords

Yellow fever

Zoonotic disease

Flavivirus

Aedes aegypti mosquito

Endemic

Clinical stages

Immunosorbent assay

Vaccination

17D YF virus strain

Mosquito eradication

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